![]() Chloride salts, such as sodium chloride, are used as table salt and to preserve food. Calcium improves the mechanical strength of lead plates in lead acid batteries and enhances performance.Ĭhloride is a negatively charged ion that forms when chlorine gains an electron or when hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or in other solvents. It is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the earth's crust and plays an essential role for living organisms to build bone, teeth and shells. Cadmium is used as the anode material for the nickel-cadmium batteries but the Restrictions of Hazardous Substances Directives banned the batteries for commercial use.Ĭalcium is a soft gray alkaline metal with symbol Ca that was discovered by Humphry Davy (1778–1829). ![]() Discovered in 1817 in Germany, cadmium is a by-product of zinc production and was used as a pigment and and plating on steel to resist corrosion. Other applications are flame-proofing materials, producing low friction applications, improving material characteristics by mixing Sb with other alloys and building semiconductors.Ĭadmium is a soft bluish-white metal with symbol Cd. The main producer is China and the metal is used in lead acid batteries to reinforce the lead plates, reduce maintenance and enhance performance. It was discovered in 3000 BC and mistaken as for lead. Aluminum is used as cathode material in some lithium-ion batteries.Īntimony is a brittle lustrous white metallic element with symbol Sb. When exposed to air, aluminum forms a passivation layer that protects the metal from corrosion. Derived from bauxite, it is the third most abundant element in the earth's crust after oxygen and silicon. Too much of one part could spoil a fine balance.Īluminum is a silvery-white, soft, nonmagnetic metal with symbol Al. ![]() As with all living organisms, the substances for batteries are chosen carefully and in the right amount to achieve a harmonious interaction. We are made from stardust and anything that grows and moves comes from these resources. It is thought provoking that most of these materials are also shared by plants and living beings. Batteries use diverse elements, which are harvested from the earth’s crust. ![]()
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